Barley

Belonging to the Poaceae (grass) family, barley is a vital cereal crop primarily used in malt production and as animal feed. Apart from the portion allocated to the brewing industry, the majority of barley is consumed as feed. While it can be used for all livestock species, it is especially suitable for ruminant animals. However, when fed to ruminants other than sheep and goats, barley must be crushed or rolled—otherwise, a large portion may pass through the digestive system undigested.

Barley is a valuable energy source for ruminants, but its use requires careful consideration since nutritional needs vary across animal species. The following points should be taken into account:

Digestibility:
Barley is rich in energy and easy to digest. However, overconsumption by large ruminants (such as cattle) can upset the digestive balance. It should therefore be included in the diet in controlled proportions and balanced with other feed sources.
Protein and Energy Balance:
Due to its high starch content, barley provides abundant energy. For this energy to be utilized efficiently, it must be complemented with sufficient high-quality protein. Otherwise, the energy-protein balance in the diet may be disrupted.
Feeding Speed and Portion Control:
If barley is consumed in large quantities too quickly, it can cause a drop in rumen pH. This may lead to digestive disorders such as acidosis. To prevent this, barley should be distributed evenly throughout the day and introduced gradually into rations.
Inclusion Rate:
Barley is typically recommended to make up about 20% to 30% of a ruminant’s daily feed ration. However, this ratio should be adjusted based on the animal’s species, age, health condition, and production goals.
Feed Variety:
Barley should never be used as the sole feed source. It must be fed alongside roughage (e.g., grass, silage, alfalfa) to ensure a balanced diet and maintain digestive health.