Corn

Corn is a major cereal crop used as a raw material across various sectors, including human nutrition, animal feeding, and numerous industrial applications. Globally, approximately 65–70% of corn production is used as animal feed, while around 20% is directly consumed by humans.

Characteristics of Grain Corn and Its Role in Animal Nutrition

Energy Source:
Grain corn is an excellent source of energy due to its high carbohydrate content. Rich in starch, it provides a readily available energy supply for livestock. Therefore, it plays a critical role in the diets of ruminants such as cattle, sheep, and goats, especially in beef cattle fattening programs.

Low Crude Fiber Content:
Compared to other grains, corn has a relatively low crude fiber content. This enhances digestibility and imposes less strain on the animal’s digestive system.

Palatability:
Corn is highly palatable, making it easily accepted by animals. This leads to improved feed intake when included in rations.

Production Performance in Livestock:
Thanks to its high energy density, corn contributes to faster growth rates, increased milk production, and greater weight gain. It is particularly beneficial during the fattening period of both large and small ruminants, helping optimize growth efficiency.

Uses of Corn in Animal Feeding

Cattle and Other Large Ruminants:
Corn is widely included in finishing rations due to its high energy value, supporting both fat accumulation and muscle development during the fattening phase.
Small Ruminants (Sheep and Goats):
Corn is commonly used in the diets of small ruminants, especially for breeding and growth purposes.
Poultry (Chickens and Other Birds):
Corn is an essential ingredient in poultry feeds, improving feed efficiency and supporting higher egg production due to its energy content.

Nutritional Composition of Grain Corn (per 100 grams)

Calories: ~365–375 kcal
Carbohydrates: 74–76 g (high starch content)
Fiber: 7 g (low in crude cellulose)
Protein: 7–9 g
Fat: 4 g
Vitamins & Minerals:
Includes B-complex vitamins (such as B1, B3, B6), magnesium, phosphorus, and small amounts of iron and zinc.